This lesson expands on the use of ใใจ to say you have done something, how to use ใใ to link verbs together, and how to use the verb ใชใ, to become.
Morphology
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The volitional verb form
So far, with the -te, -nai, plain and -ta forms, we have learned that verbs come in two main inflection types: ru verbs, where the verb stem remains unchanged when different endings are attached, and -u verbs where the last letter of the verb stem can change depending on the ending that is attached. Now…
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The past verb form
So far, with the -te, -nai and plain forms, we have learned that verbs come in two main inflection types: ru verbs, where the verb stem remains unchanged when different endings are attached, and -u verbs where the last letter of the verb stem can change depending on the ending that is attached. Now letโs…
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The -te verb form
So far, we have learned that verbs end with ใพใ. Before we look at how to make -te forms, we could go a bit further by saying that in Romaji, the ใพใform of all verbs ends in either emasu or imasu. Verbs ending in –emasu ใในใพใใใฏใใใพใใใใใพใ Verbs ending in –imasu ใฟใพใใใใใใพใใใใใพใใใใใณใพใ With this in mind,…
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The negative verb form
So far, with the te form, we have learned that here are two main patterns for inflecting verbs: a simple one, where you remove the ใพใ and replace it with ใฆ, and a complicated one, where you also have to change the letter that comes before ใพใ. Now letโs look at the –nai form (1)…
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The -masu verb form
The –masu form of Japanese verbs, in which all verbs end with ใพใ, is the first form that you need to learn. We could go into more detail by saying that in Romaji, the -masu form of all verbs ends in either -emasu or –imasu. Verbs ending in –emasu ใในใพใใใฏใใใพใใใใใพใ Verbs ending in –imasu ใฟใพใใใใใใพใใใใใพใใใใใณใพใ…
Structures
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ใฉใกใใงใใใ
Whereas ใฉใ means “where”, ใฉใกใ means “which direction”. It also more polite to use ใฉใกใใใ ใๆๆดใใฏใฉใกใใงใใใWhich way is the toilet? ๅญฆๆ กใฏใฉใกใใงใใใWhich school do you go to?
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[Question word]ใฎ[Noun]
The structure N1[location] ใฎ N2 can be used to show that N2 was made in or by N1. ใใใฏใฉใใฎ้ป่ฉฑใงใใใWhere is this phone from?้ๅฝใฎใงใใIt’s from Korea.ใ
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ใใปใใปใใปใฉ
ใใ This ใใ That (yours) ใใ That (theirs) ใฉใ Which? ใใฎN This N ใใฎN That N (your N) ใใฎN That N (their N) ใฉใฎN Which N? ใใ Here ใใ There ใใใ Over there ใฉใ Where ใใกใ This direction ใใกใ That direction (to you) ใใกใ That way over there ใฉใกใ Which direction?
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ไปไธๆๅไบๅใงใใ
To express the time, use a number constructed with ๆ, the counter for hours, followed by a number constructed with ๅ, the counter for minutes. ๅๆๅๅใงใใIt’s ten past ten. The question word for time is made by adding the counter ๆ to the question prefix ไฝ. You can make it clearer that you’re asking for…
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ใใใใพใใใ
These may be the most useful three phrases for somebody who is just beginning to learn Japanese. ใใใใพใใใDo you understand? ใใใใใใใใพใใใI don’t understand ใฏใใใใใใพใใใYes, I understand Note that in ใใใใพใใ, the past tense is used. This usage is unlike English, and means, “Yes, I have understood.”
Usage
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ใใฉใฆใณใใใฏใขใกใชใซไบบใงใใใ
The particle ใ at the end of a sentence turns that sentence into a question. ใใฉใฆใณใใใฏใขใกใชใซไบบใงใใใAre you American, Mr. Brown? Also note that while the word “you” is used often in English, In Japanese the equivalent phrase is the listener’s name followed by ใใ. yes/no questions A simple sentence that has been converted into a…
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็ฐไธญใฏๅญฆ็ใใใใใพใใใ
We have learned that any noun followed by ใงใ is enough to form a sentence meaning I am, you/they are, he/she/it is XX. The negative counterpart of this is ใใใใพใใใ ็ฐไธญใฏๅญฆ็ใใใใใพใใใTanaka is not a student.
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ใใฟใณใๆผใใฐใใณใผใใผใๅบใพใใ
To describe what is needed for a certain event to take place future.
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ใ้ใใใใฐใไฝใงใใงใใใญใ
The conditional form can be used to show general truths and beliefs, and is often used in proverbs.
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ๅคง้ชใธ่กใใฐใใใ็ผใใใในใฆใใพใใ
The conditional form can be used for a condition that happens often, and always has the same result.
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ๆญๅนใซไฝใใงใใใฐใๆฏๆฅในใผใใซใฌใผใ้ฃในใใ
The conditional form can be used to describe a hypothetical situation that might not be true.
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ๆ้ใใใใฐใใใฒ้ใณใซใใฆไธใใใ
Because the condition and result are so tightly bound, when this form is used in an invitation, the invitation is only made if the condition is fulfilled.
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ไปไบใใใชใใงใไผใฟใๅใใ
The ใชใใง form can be used to show that you are not doing something, you are something else instead.
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ใใใใใใคใใฆ้ฃในใพใ
The -te form can be used to make a compound verb showing that both verbs happen together.
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้ฃในใๅพใง…
When ใใจ๏ผๅพ๏ผis modified by a past-tense verb, it becomes a time expression that shows what happens after the action of the verb is completed.
Kanji
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Kanji 35
ๆผขๅญ ้ณ ่จ English ๅญฆๅนด ๆ ใฝใณ ใใ Village 1 ๆดป ใซใ Activity 2 ๅ ใณใฆ ใ-ใใใ-ใใใใ-ใใใใ-ใใ Face towards 3 ๆพ ใทใฅใฆ ใธใฅใฆใใฒใ-ใ Pick up 3 ๅณถ ใใฆ ใใพ Island 3 ่ ใจใฆ ใฏ leaf 3 ็ท ใชใงใฏใ๏ผใญใฏ๏ผ ใฟใฉใ Green 3 ๅค ใใณ ใ-ใใใใ-ใใ Change 4 ๆจ ใทใฃ ใ-ใฆใ Throw out 6 ็ ใใณ ใใใ-ใใ…
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kanji 30
ๆผขๅญ ้ณ ่จ ๅญฆๅนด Edexcel ๅผ ใคใณ ใฒ-ใใใฒ-ใใ 2 A level ๅฎ ใใคใใธใงใฆ ใใ -ใใใใใ -ใพใใใใ -ใ 3 A level ็ฎฑ ใฏใ 3 ไบ ใจ 3 A level ็ฝฎ ใใใ-ใ ใ-ใ 4 A level ็ด ใคใฏ 4 A level ๅท ใฌใค ใคใ-ใใใใฒ-ใใใใฒ-ใใใฒ-ใใใใฒ-ใใใใใ-ใใใใ-ใพใ 4 ๅพฉ ใใฏ 5 A level ๆบ ใญใ ใคใใ…
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Kanji 31
ๆผขๅญ ้ณ ่จ ๅญฆๅนด Edexcel ็ฉบ ใฏใฆ ใใใใ-ใใใ-ใใใใใ 1 Higher ๆ ใใณใใขใณ ใตใฟ 1 Higher ๅ ใจใณ ใใฎ 2 Higher ๆฅญ ใฎใงใฆใใดใฆ ใใ 3 A level ๆธฏ ใณใฆ ใฟใชใจ 3 ๅผ ใทใญ 3 Higher ๅ ใธใฅ ใ-ใใใใ-ใใ 3 A level ๆฉ ใญ ใฏใ 4 A level ๆฎ ใถใณ ใฎใ-ใใใฎใ-ใ 4 A level ๅ ใฝใ 4…